These clouds have cold interiors with characteristic temperatures of only 10–20 K; most of their gas atoms are bound into molecules. Features 



Molecular cloud, interstellar clump or cloud that is opaque because of its internal dust grains.



the Isolated gravitationally-bound small molecular clouds with masses less than a few hundred times that of the Sun are called The physics of molecular clouds is poorly understood and much debated. Their internal motions are governed by Molecular clouds, and especially GMCs, are often the home of The evidence comes from the fact that the "turbulent" vel…

These clouds have very low temperatures of just 10 to 30 kelvin and therefore the hydrogen is primarily composed of molecular hydrogen or H 2.Compared to the mainly ionized hydrogen in other areas of the interstellar medium, less than 1% of all hydrogen in the Milky Way is bound in molecular clouds. The formation of starsoccurs exclusively within molecular clouds.











Some of the brightest infrared sources are associated with such dark dust clouds; a good example is the class of One of the remarkable features of molecular clouds is their concentration in the Why doesn’t the gas simply condense into stars and disappear?



The Coalsack nebula, photographed from the International Space Station. 2 m b. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.

These clumps are the beginning of star formation if gravitational forces are sufficient to cause the dust and gas to collapse.Vertically to the plane of the galaxy, the molecular gas inhabits the narrow midplane of the galactic disc with a characteristic This distribution of molecular gas is averaged out over large distances; however, the small scale distribution of the gas is highly irregular with most of it concentrated in discrete clouds and cloud complexes.A vast assemblage of molecular gas that has more than 10 thousand times the mass of the SunThe densest parts of the filaments and clumps are called "molecular cores", while the densest molecular cores are called "dense molecular cores" and have densities in excess of 10 The form of such dark clouds is very irregular: they have no clearly defined outer boundaries and sometimes take on convoluted serpentine shapes because of turbulence. The largest molecular clouds are


GMCs are so large that "local" ones can cover a significant fraction of a constellation; thus they are often referred to by the name of that constellation, e.g. These clouds turn out to be the birthplaces of most stars in our Galaxy.The masses of molecular clouds range from a thousand times the mass of the Sun to about 3 m… Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription.

The present rate of star formation is about one solar mass per year in the entire Galaxy, which contains something like 2 × 10This cycling of gas through stars has had one major effect: the chemical
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The gas pressure within a molecular cloud counters both this gravitational force and the pressure exerted by the external interstellar medium. Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of HWithin molecular clouds are regions with higher density, where much dust and many gas cores reside, called clumps.

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