Then, four specific types of feminism are discussed and defined, including liberal feminism, socialist feminism, cultural feminism, and radical feminism. Standpoint theorists move beyond this critical moment, showing how the inclusion of lived realities, not yet properly visible to enquirers, can make for better-supported hypotheses. It is no historical accident that feminist standpoint theory emerged in academic discourses more or less contemporaneously with the feminist consciousness movement within feminist activism.



They also draw on the insight that a set of observation-based data can serve as equally credible evidence for more than one of those theories.Feminist standpoint theorists such as sociologists Dorothy Smith and Patricia Hill Collins, political philosophers Nancy Hartsock and Alison Jaggar, sociologist of science Hilary Rose, and philosopher of science Sandra Harding extended and reframed the idea of the standpoint of the proletariat to mark out the logical space for a feminist standpoint.

Chemistry 101: General Chemistry Feminist standpoint theories emerged in the 1970s, in the first instance from Marxist feminist and feminist critical theoretical approaches within a range of social scientific disciplines.
In this vein, feminist standpoint theory serves as a critique of conventional epistemic standards, arguing that what Donna Haraway dubbed ‘the God Trick’—the traditional epistemic view that knowledge is only achieved by adopting a disinterested, impartial view from nowhere—is unachievable, for knowledge is always from somewhere [Harding, 2004:  93].Many of the seminal articles on feminist standpoint theories, including the papers by Dorothy Smith, Nancy Hartsock, Hilary Rose, Patricia Hill Collins and Donna Haraway mentioned here are now collected together in Harding’s Susan Hekman’s article “Truth and Method: Feminist Standpoint Theory Revisited”, We then discussed four specific types of feminism. Communications 301: Diversity and Intercultural Communication


Most modern feminists consider themselves to be in the fourth and final category, which is This means that liberal feminists would want to see equal pay for men and women and more representation of women in politics and business, just like the other forms of feminism.

The realities of women’s lives, then, can provide sites of enquiry that lead to new, more complete, less partial, and more objective knowledge.Moreover, as Alison Wylie argues [2004: 345-6], standpoint theorists’ situated-knowledge claims explicitly undermine the conventional assumption that objective epistemic agents are non-specifically located, and that they are neutral and disinterested with respect to the subject of their enquiry. Imagine you get a new job. An illustration of the way in which the often undervalued, messy caring work (caring for the sick and the elderly, bearing and raising children, unrewarding, unpaid domestic labor, emotional labor) in which women are traditionally engaged offers productive epistemic starting points; Hartsock cites a passage from Marilyn French’s novel The Women’s Room:Washing the toilet used by three males, and the floor and walls around it, is, Mira thought, coming face to face with necessity.

In other words, intersectional theory asserts that people are often disadvantaged by multiple sources of oppression: their race, class, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, and other identity markers. succeed.Wind has her PhD in Social Psychology and Master's in Social Psychology from Purdue University.

Thus, as standpoints emerge, some differences will be occluded, but some significant similarities will be thrown into sharper relief.Postmodernist feminist critics argue not only that the risk of occlusion of difference remains but, more fatally with respect to the possibility of reconciliation, the categories upon which feminist standpoint theory depends—woman, feminist, knowledge—are fluid and in a state of socially influenced flux and contestation, making it impossible ever properly to capture experiences and identities within standpoints. First, we need to identify what traditional masculine behaviors might be.



Self-definition in terms of a standpoint provides a starting point for the self-assertion of one’s own identity, challenging those identities imposed by conventional stereotypes that form part of hegemonic ways of thinking from the point of view of the socially and politically dominant. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. [1991:  127]According to feminist standpoint theories, the process of achieving knowledge begins when standpoints begin to emerge. Gender Views: Margaret Mead, George Murdock and Global Views The traditional starting point for knowledge is the position of the dominant and, despite assumptions to the contrary, that position is ideologically permeated. The broad scope of feminist thought goes far beyond gender considerations.

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