2 days after the attack on Poland. But it's not something that the man in the street thinks much about, says Lay.

By 2008, 44 million pints of Lech and Tyskie, Poland's two leading beers, Most of the EU did not open its doors to Polish workers in 2004. Some on the left of British politics, especially some trade unions, could not understand the reluctance of the Poles to return home. Ten years after Poland joined the EU, no-one knows for sure how many Poles live in the UK. "Poland and Polish people, particularly Polish servicemen, made enormous sacrifices during World War Two and fought alongside British troops and it is particularly poignant and I think right that today Britain and Poland are working together to create the new Europe. Until 2004 he was Head of History in Dewsbury College, West Yorkshire. Therefore, on 31 March 1939, Chamberlain issued a formal guarantee of Poland's borders and said that he expected Hitler to moderate his demands.

Britain was in the middle of a boom and needed skilled workers to fill its vacancies, says Lay. The 2011 census estimated it at nearly 600,000. When Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939 it did so for only one reason - Germany had invaded Poland, and Britain had guaranteed to support her ally, Marek Pruszewicz was born in the UK to Polish parents.

There was a philosophical consistency about Britain's position, says Lay, as the UK has a tradition of opposing protectionism. Chamberlain called the assurances "first aid treatment" - an admission that the pledges were made in a hurry, with no thought to how such promises might be honoured. The answer of course, had less to do with Poland, and much more to do with Nazi Germany. They were to be compensated by the ethnic cleansing of all Germans from lands that had been German for over 1000 years creating a humanitarian catastrophe at the end of the

In 1946 it stripped dozens of Polish commanders of their Polish citizenship, effectively making them stateless.One of those men was General Stanislaw Maczek, commander of the Polish 1st Armoured Division, which had helped to seal in the defeated German armies in Normandy. "It was the invasion of your country that brought Britain into the last war. The The decision ... to invade Poland was a gamble. Britain hoped that would be enough - it was not. He was also aided by public opinion in the west, which broadly regarded the Treaty of Versailles as flawed and held the belief that communism rather than fascism posed the greater threat to western democracies. From playing a vital role in the defence of Britain, being the most loyal of Britain's allies, Polish officers now found themselves being called fascists," explains Robert Ostrycharz, a researcher of Polish-Scottish extraction.

Warsaw was surrounded on 15 September, and suffered punishing bombing raids without hope of relief.On 17 September the Red Army crossed the Polish border in the east, in fulfilment of the secret agreement within the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and ended any prospect of Poland's survival. Poland did not open an embassy in London until 1929.

Some remained open for decades. The high number of Poles created pressures and fears. His father escaped from the Germans during WW2 and joined Free Polish Forces based in Scotland. In total, the UK is probably home to a million or more people who regard Poland as their ancestral home in some way.

He is currently Director of Training with the education consultancies Quiet Associates and College UK, delivering training courses to the Further Education college sector. Polish servicemen gained a reputation for bravery and ingenuity.

But the Polish codebreakers were After the war, Clement Attlee's newly elected Labour government struggled to adopt a clear position on the Poles in Britain. All hope was pinned upon a major French and British offensive in the west to relieve the pressure.However, despite assurances from Marshal Maurice Gamelin that the French Army was fully engaged in combat, all military action on the western front was ended on 13 September, when French troops were ordered to fall back behind the security of the Maginot line. I was astounded when I heard them give this guarantee," he told MPs in May 1939, when still a backbencher.So why did Britain do it? Britain and France had accepted German rearmament in 1935, the re-occupation of the Rhineland in 1936 and the At Munich in September 1938, Britain and France had also reluctantly endorsed the forced transfer of the 'ethnically German' Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany.

"I have no doubt that, if you want it, you will become full members of the Community in the not very distant future. For older people things are more in balance. Stalin feared a German invasion and had been seeking an anti-Nazi 'collective security' alliance with the western powers for many years, but by July 1939 Britain and France had still not agreed terms.Stalin feared a German invasion...Poland had also rejected an alliance with the Soviet Union, and refused permission for the Red Army to cross its territory to engage the The result was the signing of the Nazi-Soviet Pact on 23 August 1939.

Those who commanded Free Polish forces also felt the wrath of the new communist-dominated leadership in Poland.

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