The result of World War One (1914-18), when Germany lost so much land created a determination to get it back when the time was right. Commencement of nation wide speeches by Churchill to the British people saying no way will the British ever surrender to the Germans and will fight to the last man and woman. England have had a year, September 1939- August 1940 to:  The Japanese commence their major territorial offensive. This puppet government under General Petain is headquartered at Vichy and cowtows to all things required by Nazi Germany. What the English did not know was that Hitler had previously agreed with Stalin, the Russian dictator, to attack Poland simultaneously, one from the West and the other from the East and share the spoils. At sea the English had the biggest Navy but it was stretched to support the Empire world wide. The overall balance of the war changes overnight as Hitler reneges on previous agreements with Stalin and invades Russia. The Russians invade on the 17th of September. British cruse liner Athenia sunk by a German submarine (U boat). No modern Blitzkrieg techniques were developed, indeed their cavalry still used horses. 28 Americans including tourists killed. The Italian army cannot be compared with the Germans. The British and French armies who have been fighting against the well prepared German forces for some nine months are finally surrounded by the Germans in north eastern France. Notably the Messerschmitt 109 and the Junkers 87 dive bomber (Stukas). As with Germany, England had no large four engined heavy bombers at the start of the war but were quick to develop them. On 3rd September1939 England declared war on warmongering Germany because they invaded Poland, having already annexed the Rhineland, Austria and Czechoslovakia.Actually for the commencement of the war we must go as far back as 1931 and to the other side of the world, when Japan embarked on their first move in their expansionist bid to seize land in South East Asia to secure more territory for their bulging population together with supplies of oil and rubber. (“We will fight them on the beaches” etc and “I can only offer you blood tears toil and sweat.”)June 10th The Italians join the war as they see the Germans are winning and attack France on June 20th. Sept 6th. But as the Japanese had predicted The Americans were quick to learn.The British had landed their first troops on friendly French soil by 9th September. Roosevelt did however persuade the American people to let him supply ships and other military needs to England to replace those being destroyed by the German offensive. Hence some two years after the outbreak of war Stalin is forced to look at Churchill and Roosevelt as allies rather than Hitler.This is not particularly good news for England as; Churchill does not trust Stalin The Germans advance rapidly eastwards where they not only quickly close in on Moscow but also move through the Balkans onwards towards the vital English controlled oil fields in the Middle East. Sept 10th. The fall of Communism and the immediate rise of Fundamentalist Islam. The USA is now firmly in the Second World War but their novice forces are under extreme pressure and are retreating from the Japanese aggressor in South East Asia. England fights in North Africa and the Mediterranean to keep the Suez Canal open to its empire in the East and fights in the Middle East to keep access to oil as Churchill was responsible for converting all the Royal Navy shipping from coal to oil fired boilers. Throughout the whole of 1942, the English and later the US, flying from England, commenced to use their superior heavy bombers to smash German factories as follows; This long 18 month period up to the D Day (European landings) saw the Allies (Britain and their Empire, US and Russia) slowly gain the initiative against the Axis forces (Germany, Italy, Vichy France and Japan) in every theatre of war. Many French see Petain as a traitor notably General de Gaulle who flees to England and the many brave French men and women who stay and form the French underground “Resistance”. When they joined, their fighting capabilities and equipment in all three services was only similar to the British and certainly not up to German standards.

All these countries had Aircraft Carriers, Battleships, Cruisers, Destroyers, Frigates, Mine Sweepers and submarines. But the chaos just made the stoic Brits even more determined to fight to the now detested Germans.All of Africa at this time is ruled by one or other European country. The Germans were forbidden to build up a Navy, but did. The British army under General O’ Connor have no problem of driving the Italians back from Sidi Barrani in Egypt to Tobruk in Libya by 22 Jan 1941. June 1940. The English were fortunate to have developed two top fighters, the Spitfire and the Hurricane which now everybody knows helped to win the Battle of Britain. The French like the British had a substantial navy but conducted few naval exercises to hone new battle techniques.

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