On July 17, 1998, Papua New Guinea was put on the world map after an unprecedented wave hit Aitape on the north coast of West Sepik. Professor Imamura provided seed funding for field operations, and Professor Synolakis, funding to attend the 1998 Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. It became known as the Aitape Tsunami, which hit around Sissano Lagoon, west of Aitape town. At the briefing in Port Moresby, the international team confirmed that there was such a need at Aitape. 1). London, Graham & Trotman.Hurukawa, N., Tsuji, Y. and Waluyo, B. 5 in this paper). 7) will provide some protection from future tsunamis on this coast and elsewhere in PNG. It is now recognised that such events can be very dangerous, as the earthquake may be too small to be felt on land, or detected by the The earthquake consisted of a main shock and several aftershocks that were felt in several towns in the area around the epicenter. House foundation posts were lifted out of the ground and removed, except for a few at Warapu, and massive concrete blocks at Warapu were carried for distances of 50-60 m.6. 1) and was reflected back to meet the second wave at the headland. Recent catastrophic tsunamis in Indonesia that should have triggered a state of increased awareness, including Flores in 1992 and Biak in West Papua in 1996, had passed without drawing much attention in the media or in disaster management circles. From this line of enquiry it appears that, at least at these villages, the first wave arrived after 09:00 UT (7 pm local time), possibly at around 09:05 UT (7.05 pm local time), and certainly before 09:09 hours UT.15 km east of Malol, at Aitape jetty (Fig.

While carrying out the program there was opportunity to interview many of the survivors and, in later months, to spend some time in geological investigations (Davies, 1998a, b; J.M. "The sky lit up after the wave had destroyed the villages" (observer at Malol) and "after I climbed down from the tree I saw a big light over Arop and in the direction of Aitape" (observer on an island near the lagoon mouth). (Our reconnaissance survey in January 2002 recorded water depths of 10 m at a point 200 m from the shore at Arop, and 11 m at 300 m from the shore.) Probably much of the sand was lifted from the beachfront and the immediate offshore sand banks as the wave came ashore (see also Matsutomi et al., 2001). A number of survivors recount that the wave reached Malol some minutes before the strong aftershocks, but others maintain otherwise.From the observers in sector BE (Fig. Perhaps the sound was generated by displacement of air at the sea surface by the fast-moving low-amplitude tsunami wave, while it was propagating in deep water.Soter (1999) notes that roaring sounds heard at the time of an are sometimes a precursor of the earthquake.Survivors of the Aitape tsunami interpreted the thunderous boom and the roaring sound to be evidence that the tsunami was caused by a bomb that had been dropped by a low-flying jet plane. The hypothesis that the Aitape tsunami was generated by a slump or landslide of sea floor sediments has become widely accepted (Tappin et al., 1999, 2001; Synolakis et al., 2002).Synolakis et al. Key amongst these was the arrival of the international team two weeks after the disaster, their rapid investigation of the situation, and their reporting back to the authorities at the end of the third week. The source of the sound remains a mystery, as does the fact that the sound traveled along the coast to the east and then back to the west. Geophysical Research Letters 26:3393-3396Tappin, D.R., Matsumoto, T., Watts, P., Satake, K., McMurtry, G.M., Matsuyama, M., Lafoy, Y., Tsuji, Y., Kanamatsu, T., Lus, W., Iwabachi, Y., Yeh, H., Matsumoto, Y., Nakamura, M., Moihoi, M., Hill, P., Crook, K., Anton, L., and Walsh, J.P. (1999): Sediment slump likely caused the 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami. New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 543 pp.McCarthy, J.K. (1963): Patrol Into Yesterday. From the shelf edge an irregular broken slope descends to 4000 m water depth, in the floor of the New Guinea Trench (Fig. The earthquake of 17 July, 1998, generated a local destructive tsunami. 1999; Hovland and Judd, 1988). On July 17, 1998, Papua New Guinea was put on the world map after an unprecedented wave hit Aitape on the north coast of West Sepik.It became known as the Aitape Tsunami, which hit around Sissano Lagoon, west of Aitape town.More than 1600 people perished while more than 11,000 were displaced and injured. Research Project, Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (B) no. 11), and in the high water table at the former village sites of Warapu and Arop. Subsidence at the former site of Warapu village is permitting erosion of the Warapu peninsula at the mouth of the Sissano Lagoon. At Warapu the third wave followed closely behind the second, and a weak fourth wave followed after that.West of the 14-km sector the wave progressed westward, and east of the 14-km sector the wave progressed eastward. Locality map and map of the Aitape coast. (2002), reproduced by permission of The Royal Society.People in a powered dinghy returning from Aitape observed the westward approach of the wave which hit the beach behind them.

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